Research Paper; Rough Draft

Tymon Bolton II

 In order to further the development of technology, the resources that are already available are often used as suitable tools to create what is necessary to sustain the new ideas that come from the necessity of development at all. Technology for communication, industry and the society progressively evolved and expanded influential impact on modern development over time because of diversifying the media, broadening the internet and advancement of video games.  Within the last few decades, the sudden growth of technology sprouted from the development of entertainment in society, which also spread into further advancement of communication. One system of technology is useful for a time, yet as time progresses and those who operate the technology or manage the system evolve, so must the materials they use in everyday life.

 The necessity for advanced communication in the growing society stimulates a pressure that creates a stress of which is sought to be relieved via entertainment. "Often circulating games between labs as free shareware and thus fueling innovation, other researchers and hobbyists developed prototypes for the genres that still dominate the game industry, including adventure, role-playing, shooting, and flight simulation games." - (Jenkins, 2) As the stress of requiring a greater resource increases, so does the necessity of the development of the technology to maintain or sustain it. "The very early computers were extremely limited in the amount of internal storage that they had. Provision was usually made for tables to be held in read-only storage (banks of switches or punched paper tape) with arrangements for interpolation." - (Reilly, 4) Accumulation of stress without a viable outlet generates tension in society, which is a sign of both development and growth beyond previous boundaries and parameters of lifestyle. "The dramatic growth of the Internet sparked interests in on-line gaming. Fighting games such as Quake led to the formation of “clans” of on-line game-players and even “hired guns,” whom players can pay to best their enemies. Some argue that on-line gaming may allow a broader array of games to reach the market and may foster a new wave of innovations in digital storytelling." - (Jenkins, 10) As a new stress factor grows in society, technology becomes necessary to generate and sustain an outlet in order for the civilization to grow without being stunted or recycled too often. A natural outlet for stress in a society comes from entertainment with a specificity in video games and gaming over the internet. Revolutionizing the gaming industry on its own as a segment of technological advancement also brought greater opportunities for the other areas of technology to grow along with it.  "As entrepreneurs marketed these prototypes, electronic games were introduced as public amusements in arcades and bars, taking their place alongside jukeboxes and pinball machines." - (Jenkins, 3) The entertainment of each time period after a certain point was developed alongside and in conjunction with video games when popularity in society and in the industry bloomed. "The computer game also fueled the home market for the personal computer. Games such as Doom, Quake, and Myst proved to be “killer apps” (that is, software applications that sold the hardware)." - (Jenkins, 6) From the collected data and the research done on the progression of technological developments over several decades, the general expansion of use stems from the growth of a requisite in society for the advancement of the mechanism presently made priority. By finding the faults and flaws searching for how to make the mechanics more convenient, the requirement of further progression stimulates further motion until the technology fully turns over into a greater mechanism entirely that is still associated with the other components. "As the Internet in the mid-1990s became accessible to a wider public outside the research community, new pressures appeared. Commercial interests such as CD and video producers became alarmed at the freewheeling exchange of what they regarded as their intellectual property over the Internet." - (Hardy, IX;5) Industries reliant on the development of technology were vastly expanded upon during the wave of entertainment that came from video games and the media because of the growth in necessity for a computerized device in order to communicate, remain trendy or to make life more convenient in some manner. "A second generation of video game companies, dominated by Japanese-owned Nintendo, Sega, and later, Sony, revitalized the industry in the late 1980s and early 1990s, establishing electronic games as a central feature of American childhood." - (Jenkins, 5) In most recent years, the entertainment industry's video game genre has become more popular after its steady rise over the course of the last few decades.

 Generally every decade yields a new major development that serves as a platform for technology to grow further from. A new necessity for a more convenient resource inspires the evolution in a progressive manner as it builds. Over time, the gradual stacking of each new requisite serves as a prerequisite when a new standard is made based on the production of the advanced technology. Production of more advanced technology using more modern technology also opens up the requirement of more advanced technology to manufacture advanced technology after what is obsolete has generated the first few products. "The digital computer age began when the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (Harvard Mark I) started working in August 1944. This machine was based on the mechanical technology of rotating shafts, electromagnetic clutches, and counter wheels, developed over the years for punched card tabulating machinery." - (Reilly, 1) Technological advancements reach out and come together after building independently. The integral network of how technology connects to itself in a myriad of manners even beyond the technology to support it has been created is a sign of the finer mechanics of the actual concept of each formulated design in any type of technology and also what will come after it. Those who exist within the confines of the set boundaries of society as a system develop new outlets for themselves in the form of advancement of technology in order to expand their capacity for evolution. Distribution is of key importance to the expansion and development of technology during its advancement because of the extension of its reach when it is spreading out among its radius of societal influence. A constant flux of leapfrogging technological advancements and replacement of prior versions for updates ultimately causes production time, costs and resources to significantly decrease at the exchange of exponential increase in methods of industrial development for the advanced technology equivocated to its same level of manufacturing. Promotion of a new device -- such as for communication or entertainment -- furthers the method of production of the technology used for distribution. "From the beginning, the UNIVAC was designed with an eye to business data processing, and the standards set for performance and reliability were very high." - (Reilly, 8 ) As time progresses, technology becomes more useful as a utility for more technology in the future as it and the developers make advancements. "While the ENIAC was still under construction, Eckert and Mauchly began to realize that, by the application of logical principles, it would be possible to construct a machine not only much more powerful than the ENIAC but also much smaller." - (Reilly, 6) Variable opportunities and spontaneous extension of progressive behavior become available during the time of technological advancement due to the span of the distance that the new level of communication and ability to utilize resources in a more convenient manner create at the time. With the expansion of the industries that sold the products for various methods of entertainment and communication, the product itself becoming more recognized and readily at hand could be groomed further by the hands of those who would learn after them. The lesser developed aspects of technology generally do not progress until a greater support from a more developed technology acts as a system of maintenance to process and advance the lesser developed technologies. The internet was developed to connect many computers on a single network, yet would not need to have been developed if the advancement of computers had not first come about to need the connection in the first place. "The experimental computers that came into action first were those that were least ambitious, both in specification and in performance." - (Reilly, 10) All aspects of technology develop to connect to and develop another aspect, even if the full design has not been fleshed out. "The ideas of hypertext and linking embodied in the World Wide Web had historical roots going back more than 50 years." - (Hardy, VIII; 2) The variable points of growth in technology over the decades has gradually built a foundation for each new development of another technology to stack upon. Though there are many branches of technology, each of them may function on their own independently to complete a designated task as well as in synchronicity on a large scale in sequence.

Each independent link in the string of events that illustrates the progress of each aspect of technology in its different components harbors its own contribution to the influence of its developments via communication, society and industry. Communication is the most important factor in development and advancement because of the information that is required as well as its time, accuracy and format. "Relays lend themselves to complex circuit arrangements, and all the machines just mentioned had floating-point arithmetic operations, a feature that did not appear in electronic computers until well after the period now under review here The Bell machines had elaborate checking arrangements, including a redundant representation for stored numbers. Model VI even had a retry feature, designed to mitigate the effect of transient relay faults." - (Reilly, 2) The media is primarily the first method of communication used for distribution of information, which incurs the spread of the span of development as a general layout. "A relay computer constructed in Sweden (BARK) was operational early in 1950. Independent work on relay computers had also been done by Konrad Zuse in Germany, and a Zuse Z4 was running in Zurich in 1950." - (Reilly, 2) The use of the media to communicate general concepts and displays for the image of society at the time helps to spread the message of the development systematically. The broadening of the media over industries such as entertainment in terms of communication and gaming covered a great portion of the period of development that groomed technology over the time of its growth as well as the means to support and connect it. "The World Wide Web was officially made available to the CERN community on May 17, 1991, and Berners-Lee informed the outside world in a series of postings to USENET groups alt.hypertext, comp.sys.next and others in August 1991. By the end of 1992 there were at least 26 reasonably reliable Web servers on the Internet." - (Hardy , VIII;12) Media filtration recycles information via the devices that are invented along with, because of or in order to utilize the technology that is being distributed and redistributed. New methods of production and reproduction sprout up as distribution is spread out among the populace of society. After rooting itself to a general subject of utility, the technology in question naturally develops either upward independently in its own area or connects more deeply with similar or compatible mechanisms of technology. From the use of the original computer, which was created for the means of communication, greater needs in communication drew along a necessity to further develop technology to accommodate the advancement of communication for convenience and relief. "Other critics have charged that the male orientation of game design and marketing fosters a gender gap in computer access. Game playing gave boys much earlier access to the computer than girls and resulted in boys having a greater comfort level with the technology." - (Jenkins, 8 ) The greater the need for better technology, the more advanced communication is during the period of time. The greater the need for better communication, the more advanced technology must become in order to cater to the fullness of the scale of communication. "According to industry estimates, ninety percent of American boys and forty percent of American girls have played computer or video games." - (Jenkins, 5) The level of communication and the currency of the technology are a direct relation to the stress of the community and the measure of their cognizance.  The most important features of society dealing with communication and industry have been influential on the steady incremental progress of technology's overall evolution due to the necessity for stronger communication and support of it. "Whirlwind I was a computer with a short word length, aiming at very high speed and power, and intended ultimately for air traffic control and similar applications." - (Reilly, 13)

The evolution of technology in communication, industry and society has been directly influenced by social media, video games and the internet. First-hand experience of the wave of progress both with technology and its applications in society, industry and communication over the last 30 to 50 years is the first justification of its influence via video games, the internet and social media. Documentation of the steady progression of technological development in every decade draws different gradually scaling advancements from each time period based on how well the technology functions with the necessity of society and what society needs the technology for, as well as how developed communication is for use of the technology. Without a competition or division between themselves, each extension of technology connects and intersects with another part whilst also branching out and stemming into something extraneous or miscellaneous in relation. "The computer game's evolution has closely paralleled the larger “digital revolution”: originating with computer hobbyists and shareware advocates in the 1960s, reaching the general public in the 1970s and 1980s consumer electronics boom, and going on-line in the 1990s. Computer games now constitute a major sector of the American entertainment industry." - (Jenkins, 1) Integration of technology in depth helps to establish a database as a foundation for each strain. Many variant strains of one section of technology can branch off from the initial concept in order to further break down its intricacies and also help sustain the larger genre as a whole through the breakdown process. Each of the different components of technology come together during times of development in order to further root and secure themselves as well as to extend their influence on the world around them. "By 1990, the number of hosts on the Internet, now composed of the ARPANET, NSFNET, and a number of other connected networks, exceeded 100,000. ARPA funding for the ARPANET ended and the ARPA Network as such formally ceased operation. Growth of the Internet continued unabated and by 1992, the number of associated networks exceeded 7500 and the number of hosts exceeded 1,000,000." - (Hardy, VIII;1) Conclusively, from my research, the steps of evolution that technology has taken have been because of the advancement of its components via social media, video games and the internet over the course of several periods of time during development.

Tymon Bolton II
Technological Progression Over Time

In order to further the development of technology, the resources that are already available to society are often used as suitable tools in an industry to create what is necessary to sustain the new ideas that come from the necessity of the advancement of technology. Variable communication technology in society and industry have progressively evolved and expanded the diversifying media, developed the growing internet and further advanced video games because of the heightened necessity of new technology as society progressed over time.  Within the last few decades, the sudden growth of technology sprouted from the evolution of entertainment in society, which also spread into further advancement of communication.

The necessity for advanced communication in the growing society stimulates a pressure that creates stress of which is sought to be relieved via entertainment. "Often circulating games between labs as free shareware and thus fueling innovation, other researchers and hobbyists developed prototypes for the genres that still dominate the game industry, including adventure, role-playing, shooting, and flight simulation games." - (Jenkins, 2) As the stress of requiring a greater resource increases, so does the necessity of the development to maintain or sustain it via technology. "The very early computers were extremely limited in the amount of internal storage that they had. Provision was usually made for tables to be held in read-only storage (banks of switches or punched paper tape) with arrangements for interpolation." - (Reilly, 4) Accumulation of stress without a viable outlet generates tension in society, which is a sign of both development and growth beyond previous boundaries and parameters of lifestyle. "The dramatic growth of the Internet sparked interests in on-line gaming. Fighting games such as Quake led to the formation of “clans” of on-line game-players and even “hired guns,” whom players can pay to best their enemies. Some argue that on-line gaming may allow a broader array of games to reach the market and may foster a new wave of innovations in digital storytelling." - (Jenkins, 10) When a new stress factor grows in society, technology becomes necessary to generate and sustain an outlet in order for the civilization to grow without being stunted or recycled too often. A natural outlet for stress in a society comes from entertainment with a specificity in video games and gaming over the internet. Revolutionizing the gaming industry on its own as a segment of technological advancement also brought greater opportunities for the other areas of technology to grow along with it. especially once online gaming features online communication as one of its main components.  "As entrepreneurs marketed these prototypes, electronic games were introduced as public amusements in arcades and bars, taking their place alongside jukeboxes and pinball machines." - (Jenkins, 3) The entertainment of each time period after a certain point was developed alongside and in conjunction with video games when popularity in society and in the industry bloomed. "The computer game also fueled the home market for the personal computer. Games such as Doom, Quake, and Myst proved to be “killer apps” (that is, software applications that sold the hardware)." - (Jenkins, 6) Industries reliant on the development of technology were vastly expanded upon during the wave of entertainment that came from video games and the media because of the growth in necessity for a computerized device in order to communicate, remain trendy or to make life more convenient in some manner. "A second generation of video game companies, dominated by Japanese-owned Nintendo, Sega, and later, Sony, revitalized the industry in the late 1980s and early 1990s, establishing electronic games as a central feature of American childhood." - (Jenkins, 5) In most recent years, the entertainment industry's video game genre has become more popular after its steady rise over the course of the last few decades.

Generally every decade yields a new major development that serves as a platform for technology to grow further from. A new necessity for a more convenient resource inspires the evolution in a progressive manner as it builds. Production of more advanced technology using more modern technology also opens up the requirement of more advanced technology to manufacture advanced technology after what is obsolete has generated the first few products. "The digital computer age began when the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (Harvard Mark I) started working in August 1944. This machine was based on the mechanical technology of rotating shafts, electromagnetic clutches, and counter wheels, developed over the years for punched card tabulating machinery." - (Reilly, 1) A constant flux of leapfrogging technological advancements and replacement of prior versions for updates ultimately causes production time, costs and resources to significantly decrease at the exchange of exponential increase in methods of industrial development for the advanced technology equivocated to its same level of manufacturing. Promotion of a new device -- such as for communication or entertainment -- furthers the method of production of the technology used for distribution. "From the beginning, the UNIVAC was designed with an eye to business data processing, and the standards set for performance and reliability were very high." - (Reilly, 8 ) As time progresses, technology becomes more useful as a utility for more technology in the future as it and the developers make advancements. "While the ENIAC was still under construction, Eckert and Mauchly began to realize that, by the application of logical principles, it would be possible to construct a machine not only much more powerful than the ENIAC but also much smaller." - (Reilly, 6) With the expansion of the industries that sold the products for various methods of entertainment and communication, the product itself becoming more recognized and readily at hand could be groomed further by the hands of those who would learn after them. The lesser developed aspects of technology generally do not progress until a greater support from a more developed technology acts as a system of maintenance to process and advance the lesser developed technologies. The internet was developed to connect many computers on a single network, yet would not need to have been developed if the advancement of computers had not first come about to need the connection in the first place. "The experimental computers that came into action first were those that were least ambitious, both in specification and in performance." - (Reilly, 10) The variable points of growth in technology over the decades has gradually built a foundation for each new development of another technology to stack upon.

Each independent link in the string of events that illustrates the progress of each aspect of technology in its different components harbors its own contribution to the influence of its developments via communication in society and industry. "Relays lend themselves to complex circuit arrangements, and all the machines just mentioned had floating-point arithmetic operations, a feature that did not appear in electronic computers until well after the period now under review here The Bell machines had elaborate checking arrangements, including a redundant representation for stored numbers. Model VI even had a retry feature, designed to mitigate the effect of transient relay faults." - (Reilly, 2) The media is primarily the first method of communication used for distribution of information, which incurs the spread of the span of development as a general layout. "A relay computer constructed in Sweden (BARK) was operational early in 1950. Independent work on relay computers had also been done by Konrad Zuse in Germany, and a Zuse Z4 was running in Zurich in 1950." - (Reilly, 2) The use of the media to communicate general concepts and displays for the image of society at the time helps to spread the message of the development systematically. The broadening of the media over industries such as entertainment in terms of communication and gaming covered a great portion of the period of development that groomed technology over the time of its growth as well as the means to support and connect it. "The World Wide Web was officially made available to the CERN community on May 17, 1991, and Berners-Lee informed the outside world in a series of postings to USENET groups alt.hypertext, comp.sys.next and others in August 1991. By the end of 1992 there were at least 26 reasonably reliable Web servers on the Internet." - (Hardy , VIII;12) The greater the need for better technology, the more advanced communication is during the period of time. The greater the need for better communication, the more advanced technology must become in order to cater to the fullness of the scale of communication. The most important features of society dealing with communication and industry have been influential on the steady incremental progress of technology's overall evolution due to the necessity for stronger communication and support of it. "Whirlwind I was a computer with a short word length, aiming at very high speed and power, and intended ultimately for air traffic control and similar applications." - (Reilly, 13)

The evolution of communication technology in industry and society have been directly influenced by the media, entertainment industry and the internet. First-hand experience of the wave of progress both with technology and its applications in society, industry and communication over the last 30 to 50 years is the first justification of its influence via video games, the internet and social media. Documentation of the steady progression of technological development in every decade draws different gradually scaling advancements from each time period based on how well the technology functions with the necessity of society and what society needs the technology for, as well as how developed communication is for use of the technology. "The computer game's evolution has closely paralleled the larger “digital revolution”: originating with computer hobbyists and shareware advocates in the 1960s, reaching the general public in the 1970s and 1980s consumer electronics boom, and going on-line in the 1990s. Computer games now constitute a major sector of the American entertainment industry." - (Jenkins, 1) Integration of technology in depth helps to establish a database as a foundation for each strain.Each of the different components of technology come together during times of development in order to further root and secure themselves as well as to extend their influence on the world around them. Conclusively, from my research, the steps of evolution that technology has taken have been because of the advancement of its components via social media, video games and the internet over the course of several periods of time during development.